House construction start to End in India|House construction step by step
First Step in house construction
Soil Testing
Before constructing a house, it is critical to assess the quality of the soil. Soil testing is performed to determine bearing capacity. During this process, the physical and chemical composition of the soil is examined.
The soil must be able to hold the weight of the building. The quality of the soil not only determines the structural integrity but also ensures the structure’s stability.
Note : Clay and peat soils are not ideal for building houses in India because they can cause problems with stability, cracking, and uneven floors.Sandy and loam soils are generally better for building foundations because they are stable and manage water well
Preparation of the Site & Levelling
It requires removing waste to ensure that an area or property is free of dangers and starting from scratch before planning the land for its intended use.
Clearing a site appropriately and efficiently is also a challenge that will benefit efficiency, saving a lot of time for the project’s next steps.
Drawing Required :-The list of drawings required for house construction is
HVAC Drawings
Architectural Drawings
Electrical Drawings
Plumbing Drawings
Structural Drawings
3. Footing Marking
A footing is a foundation component that acts as a connection point between the foundation and the soil. Footings are made of concrete, which is placed in a pit. A footing’s purpose is to stabilize a building and protect it from settling.
4. Excavation & PPC
The foundation of the building ground is unearthed using excavating machines following the building measurements needed in the drawings. Before laying the foundation reinforcements, a surface of PCC (plain cement concrete) is laid in the dug portion of this foundation pit.
While laying the foundation is part of the excavation in the construction phase, it is far more involved than simply digging a trench and putting in some concrete. Setting up proper seepage, laying drainage systems, and other tasks were all part of the process. It is the most crucial step in the construction process because your home must have a good foundation. If the excavation process is not done correctly, it can result in subsequent problems.
5. Foundation
A building transfers load from the structural system to the soil and must be extremely strong to withstand the load.
Following the completion of the PCC work, foundation reinforcement work is initiated. Before concreting, the foundation’s bottom level must be checked.
6. Slabs and Plinth Beam
Following the completion of the foundation work, ground beam formwork preparation and concrete pouring begin. Masonry work has begun over the plinth beam. Soil fills the space between the foundation and the plinth beam.
Plinth beams are reinforced concrete beams that are built between a wall and its foundation. When the foundation settles, a plinth beam is installed to prevent the extension or propagation of cracks from the foundation into the wall above. Plinth beams evenly distribute the load of the wall over the foundation.
7. Column – Structural design
The structural design is the portion of the construction above the plinth level. A column and beam are the main structural elements of the superstructure. The columns have been built up to the slab level, and the frame for future construction has been prepared.
8. Utilize Brick Masonry
Following the completion of the column and beam framework, masonry work with various materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, fly ash bricks, and so on is begun following the construction drawing. Masonry work is finished with a cement mortar mix. It’s made of cement and sand.
During the masonry work, gaps for doors and windows are carefully laid out according to the drawing.
9. Lintel
A lintel is a beam that is placed across openings in buildings such as doors and windows to assist the load exerted by the structure above. The lintel beam’s width is equal to the length of the wall, and its ends are built into the wall. Lintels are classified according to their building materials.
A lintel is a horizontal beam that supports the above walls, which have openings such as windows, doors, and so on. The primary function of the lintel is to sustain loads from the superstructure above the wall and carefully shift them to the sidewalls.
The lintel is developed to accommodate the masonry work above the door and window. Following this, additional masonry work will be completed.
10. Roof Structure or Floor Slab
The formwork for the slab resting on the column and beam then begins. Slab reinforcement is installed over the formwork according to the slab’s complete design.
11. Fixtures and framing for doors and windows
Following that, the door and window frames are installed in the positions specified in the drawing.
Door and window fixtures and fittings can be iron, brass, or aluminum. However, it is critical to ensure that the item is relatively smooth and completely free of sharp edges and corners.
12. Plumbing and Electrical
As we all know, buildings are built with a clean finish that conceals electrical and plumbing work. They are placed on the walls and slabs in such a way that they are hidden and not visible. The points and pipe ends are left unfinished so that they can later be completed with electric fittings and pipes.
13. Roof and Terrace Finishing
Outdoor living areas are now a standard feature of modern apartment design. A good terrace waterproof coating should be able to withstand downpours and provide soundproofing against heat loss in the winter and summer.
Weatherproof solutions enhance your quality of life by allowing you to integrate open living spaces.
14. Finishing on the inside
Internal walls are plastered with a clean texture, and the flooring is tiled. The walls are later decorated or contoured.
15. Fixture Fittings and Wooden furniture
The majority of the construction work has been completed, and then the home furnishings work has begun. Once you’ve double-checked all of your basic utilities, furniture can be an effective factor in interior decoration.
16. Waterproofing
Waterproofing is a method of keeping water out of your home. Waterproofing is critical because it keeps your home dry. It helps to reduce moisture inside the house, protecting your belongings from damage caused by humidity or water exposure.
17. Paint Works
The primary function of house painting is to extend the life of our house, and adding colors to it is to give it a beautiful makeover. The painting work not only adds colors to the walls and buildings, but it also safeguards the house from dirt and stains, extending the life of the house.
Numerous paint varieties can be used to safeguard a house for a long time from stains, mud, sunlight, rain, dirt, and so on, ranging from basic paint to high-quality paint that can give our house an extra five to ten years of life and an incredible look on the outside and inside.