How we calculate load on column

A column is a vertical structural member which transfer the loads coming on to it from beams to below level column or to the foundation.

Type of column

• Circular column
• Square or Rectangular Column
• Short Column
• Long Column
• Tied Column

In this article i am going to tell you the manual process are describe as following :-

First you have to know that what type of loads column are going to Bear

Types of loads on column ( usually )

• Self weight of the column x No. of floors
• Self weight of beams per running meter
• Load of walls per running meter
• Total Load of slab (Dead load + Live load + Self weight)

In now day , mainly we use STAAD Pro or many other software to design a column and this is the best way to design a good structure . columns are also subjected to bending moments which have to be considered in the final design .

Basic assumptions we use for structural loading calculations :-

Columns

Self weight of Concrete is around 2400 kg per cubic meter, which is equivalent to 240 k N.

Self weight of Steel is around 7850 kg per cubic meter.

Example ,

Column size of 300 mm x 900 mm with 1% steel and 3 meters standard height, the self weight of column is around 1340 kg per floor, which is equivalent to 13.4 k N.

So, I assume self weight of column to be between 10 to 15 k N per floor.

Beams

For beam 230 mm x 450 mm excluding slab thickness.

So, the self weight can be around 2.5 kN per running meter.

 Walls

Density of bricks varies between 1500 to 2000 kg per cubic meter.

For 150 mm thick wall of 3 meter height and a length of 1 meter

Example :-

calculate the load per running meter to be equal to 0.150 x 1 x 3 x 2000 = 900 kg which is equivalent to 9 k N/m. 

For Autoclaved, aerated concrete blocks like Aerocon or Siporex, the weight per cubic meter is between 550 to 700 kg per cubic meter.

Note :-

Using these blocks for construction, the wall loads per running meter can be as low as 4 k N/meter, which can result in a significant reduction in the cost of construction.

SLAB

slab has mostly thickness of 125 mm. Now each square meter of slab would have a self weight of 0.125 x 1 x 2500 = 312 kg equal to 3.1 kN.

Now, assume Finishing load to be 1 kN per meter

Live load to be 2 kN per meter.

So, we can calculate slab load to be around 6 to 7 kN per 

Note :-

For IS 456:2000, the factor of safety is 1.5.

After calculating the entire load on a column, add factor of safety